Child abuse

Child abuse is an activity (including by a parent or caregiver) towards a child that harms or endangers the child’s physical, psychological or emotional health or development. In Australia approximately over 50,000 child abuses are reported each year. That could be over 100 children a day.

In Australia child abuse is against law and law will protect everyone who report a child abuse case.

Child abuse can include: 

·         Physical abuse: punching, slapping, kicking, shaking, biting, throwing and burning;

·         Emotional or psychological abuse: constant criticism, teasing, ignoring, yelling, rejection and exposure to domestic and family violence;

·         Neglect: failing to meet the child's basic needs for adequate supervision, food, clothing, shelter, safety, hygiene, medical care and education; or

·         Sexual abuse: any act or threat to a child that is inappropriate sexually. It includes deliberate and inappropriate intimate touching, language or actions.

Child abuse can happen anywhere: at home, at school, at your friend's house, at church or at a child-care centre.

Differences between child abuse and a punishment

 The law says that parents are allowed to use physical punishment on childern but only if it is moderate and reasonable.

Whether the physical punishment is moderate and reasonable will depend on a number of factors including:

1.   child age;

2.   the instrument used for punishment;

3.   where on the child body have been hit;

4.   the force used and the number of times the child have been hit;

5.   the reason for the punishment;

6.   child size and health; and

7.    the consequences of the punishment (e.g. whether the child have been injured)

Nelson Mandela

·     1918    Nelson Mandela  was born in Transkie, South Africa.

·     1942 He  Qualified in law.

·     1944   He joined the African National Congress.

·        1948 He was engaged in resistance against the ruling National Party's apartheid policies.

·        1956-1961  He went on trial for treason and was acquitted in 1961.

·        1962  Mandela was arrested in 1962 and sentenced to five years' imprisonment

·         On June 12, 1964, eight of the accused, including Mandela, were sentenced to life imprisonment.

·     on February, 1990    Nelson Mandela was released.

·         In 1991, Mandela was elected President of the ANC

Obesity In Children

What is obesity?

Obesity is excesing body fat results some in serious health problem

What are the reasons for obesity in children?

There is some reasons for obesity such as eating too much unhealthy foods and fast foods, using computers and watching television instead of physical plays,the pattern of eating in family and also genetic back grounds.

Is obesity only a national problem?

Obesity is not a national problem.The rates of obesity in children are gradually increase in many countries like United state and United Kingdom

What do statistics show?

From 1985 to 1995 the number of overweight 7–15 year olds almost doubled. The numbers of obese children has more than tripled. At the current rate, it is predicted that 65 per cent of young Australians will be overweight or obese by 2020.  

What is making the obesity problem worse?

Busy lifestyle,eating habits

Does obesity have an impact on children's health?

yes

If yes, explain how?

Obesity cause many problems for example type 2 diabetes,eating disorders,liver problem and heart diseases.

What are the other impacts caused by obesity in children?

Obesity can have a major impact on how children feel about themselves and how they interact with others. Obese adolescents are more likely to have low self-esteem, which may impact on other aspects of their lives such as the development of friendships and competency at school. 

What is the treatment?

• Changing lifestyle and dietary patterns have contributed to increasing obesity rates in children.
• Lifestyle and diet changes can help children to maintain a healthy weight.
• Obesity can result in serious health problems in childhood and later life.
• Children who are obese tend to become obese adults.

Rest assured,a good eight hours can help your state of mind (an article about health)

• Science is beginning to show that quality and quantity of sleep might be a key of health outcomes.
• A late research shows that students who have a sleep problems do not perform as well as others in class.
• The average sleep period for a teenager is about seven hours.
• It is found in a research results that those who slept less than five hours a night are three times more likely than normal sleeper to become psychologically distressed.
• Now there is a big question whether sleep cause mental illness and science try to find the connection between how we sleep and how we live.

This is a new experience attending a class with classmates from different countries with different languages and cultural backgrounds. I wish success for all of them.